4 Heroes were defined as “a character who prevails in extreme circumstances and dramatizes a sense of morality, courage, and purpose. The all-time top 10 American film heroes and villains were obtained from the American Film Institute (AFI) 100 Greatest Heroes and Villains List, compiled in 2003 by an expert panel.
#AFI BEST MOVIES 2017 SKIN#
The objective of this research is to evaluate the hero-villain skin dichotomy in film by (1) identifying dermatologic findings of the all-time top 10 American film villains, (2) comparing these dermatologic findings to the all-time top 10 American film heroes both quantitatively and qualitatively, and (3) analyzing dermatologic depictions of film villains in depth. To better understand the use and impact of pervasive skin characteristics of film villains, a closer dermatologic evaluation of representative film villains is warranted. While backlash in Hollywood from advocacy groups continues, certain dermatologic traits reoccur as ingredients in the recipe for memorable film villains. Notably, the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH) has protested the portrayal of people with albinism as villains, although with limited success. These portrayals have ignited the formation of advocacy groups aimed at diminishing the perpetuation of existing discrimination by discouraging the use of degrading stereotypes in film. They can foreshadow the future and can efficiently denote a troubled past in a motion picture limited in character development by production constraints.īecause dermatologic disease does not equate to moral degeneracy in reality, the frequent negative portrayal of certain dermatologic conditions in film has sparked controversy. These visual cues evoke in the audience apprehension or fear of the unfamiliar and provide a perceptible parallel to the villainous character’s inward corruption. Classic dermatologic features of villainous characters include facial scars, alopecia, deep rhytides, periorbital hyperpigmentation, rhinophyma, verruca vulgaris, extensive tattoos, large facial nevi, poliosis, and albinism or gray-hued complexions. 2, 3 Dichotomous dermatologic depictions between heroes and villains date back to the silent film age and have been used to visually illustrate the contrasting morality between these character types. 1 Although abnormal skin can also be presented realistically, sympathetically, or independent of character roles, perhaps its most prominent use in film is to illustrate underlying immoral depravity. Symbolic dermatologic depictions are prevalent in film and pervade virtually all genres. The top 10 villains have a higher incidence of significant dermatologic findings than the top 10 heroes (60% vs 0% P = .03).Ĭonclusions and Relevance Dermatologic findings of the all-time top 10 American villains are used in film to highlight the dichotomy of good and evil, which may foster a tendency toward prejudice in our society directed at those with skin disease.
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Results Six (60%) of the all-time top 10 American film villains have dermatologic findings, including cosmetically significant alopecia (30%), periorbital hyperpigmentation (30%), deep rhytides on the face (20%), multiple facial scars (20%), verruca vulgaris on the face (20%), and rhinophyma (10%). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes include identification and frequencies of dermatologic findings of the top 10 film villains and of the top 10 film heroes. The all-time top 10 American film villains and heroes were obtained from the American Film Institute 100 Greatest Heroes and Villains List. Objective To evaluate the hero-villain skin dichotomy in film by (1) identifying dermatologic findings of the all-time top 10 American film villains, (2) comparing these dermatologic findings to the all-time top 10 American film heroes quantitatively and qualitatively, and (3) analyzing dermatologic portrayals of film villains in depth.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, dermatologic findings for film heroes and villains in mainstream media were identified and compared quantitatively using a χ 2 test with α < .05, as well as qualitatively.
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Importance Dichotomous dermatologic depictions of heroes and villains in movies have been used since the silent film age.